By Abdirahman Yusuf Ali
Thursday October 6, 2022
It is now four months and
about two weeks since President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud was elected into office
amid high expectations from Somalis across the divide for a responsive,
selfless and productive government.
The year 2022 marks another
momentous occasion for Somalia’s second decade since the first post-war
government came into place at the turn of the millennium. It is a period in which
many Somalis and the international community expect to see more changes toward
progressive democratic and stable Somalia.
Having stabilized his
administration and hopefully redefined it to not only align with his
pre-election manifesto but also install loyalists in critical portfolios, it is
now time for President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud to shepherd the country in conformity
with his pledges, the constitution and the aspirations of all Somalis.
The Council of Ministers
which alongside the rest of the government bureaucracy form the executive arm
of government must also rise to the occasion, set aside individual interests
and focus their energies on re-energising the state building process.
In this article, it identifys
four key areas which I consider germane to bringing closer the Somali dream-one
of stability, progress and democracy. They are Security, Resources Sharing,
Constitutional Review and Open Governance.
Security
Security is at the core of
any meaningful progress in any society and so is more for Somalia which is
bedevilled by threats of instability from a myriad of quarters. By guaranteeing
citizens' security, the state can be able to spur sustainable economic growth,
national cohesion and unity and bolster foreign investment. The signs that this
administration is keen on this issue can be seen from the battlefields in
Galmudug and HirShabelle states where security forces have joined hands with
clans and organised militias to wage the war against Al-Shabaab. President
Hassan Sheikh Mohamud has singled out security as his number one domestic
priority and that must be acknowledged and lauded. During his address to the 77th
Session of the UN General Assembly last week, President Mohamud called for
international support for the Somali government’s new strategy to ‘target
terrorism militarily, ideologically and financially to ensure it is
comprehensively defeated once and fall and quickly.’
Whereas some people have raised concerns
over the aftermath of the military-civilian cooperation in the ongoing
operations in central regions, the need for decimation of Al-Shabaab far
outweighs such concerns which nonetheless will require a strategic modus
operandi from the government side. The fight against Al-Shabaab, whether
militarily, ideologically or financially is just one component of the realising
peace and stability in Somalia. There will be an urgent need to sufficiently
invest in establishment of local government administrations at the lowest
level, service provision, generation and deployment of police and civilian
units to recovered areas as well as deliberate economic growth stimulation.
Resource Sharing
The Baidoa Agreement reached into by the
Federal Government and Federal Member States presidents set the basis, albeit
ridden with inadequacies, for sharing of oil resources between the FGS and FMS
and among FMS. That agreement would later form part of the Petroleum Act 2020.
Some FMS such as Puntland rejected the law noting the Agreement was inadequate
and did not address the issue of equity in sharing of the oil revenues. The new
government will need to re-open talks on this matter to ensure it conforms with
the dictates of the Provisional Constitution, international best practices and
unique situation of Somalia.
Disputes over resources have cost many
lives in Somalia and continue to do so to date. We often here reports of clans
massacring each other over water and pasture. It will be unfortunate if the oil
finds in Somalia could turn out to be a flash point between the FGS and FMS as
well as among the FMS. We cannot, as a state be jumping from one conflict into
another.
Constitutional Review Process
This year marks a decade since Somalia
adopted a Provisional Constitution which has failed to transition into a
substantive constitution despite several efforts by previous administrations. The
Constitution is the supreme guide on how nations manage their affairs such that
if we get it wrong, all else goes south. Building on the collective will in the
war against Al-Shabaab and notable international support, President Mohamud’s
administration should take advantage of this prevailing goodwill to relaunch,
once and for all the roadmap towards the completion of the constitution. The
encouraging factor in this process is that we have already singled out the
contentious issues which need to be subjected inclusive citizen participation
before it is adopted through either parliament or popular vote.
The completion of the constitutional
review process and its subsequent promulgation will be one of the single-most
milestones in Somalia’s state building process. It will address lingering
questions on the structure of the state, the judiciary, resources sharing,
several aspects of federalism including fiscal federalism among others. A
complete constitution will also heal the pressing question regarding the power
and authority of the president and prime minister.
Open Governance
An open system of governance builds
public confidence in government and inspires citizens to actively take part in
the management of state affairs. Since the first decade of this millennium,
Somalia has ranked among the most corrupt countries in the world. Despite the
lack of publicly available quantitative data, it is clear that we lose a
significant chunk of public money and resources to a few individuals. The
opportunity is there to reverse this trend by making theft or misuse of public
resources severely punishable. President Mohamed Farmaajo rushed through the
formation of the anti-corruption commission and appointed commissioners at the
tail end of his administration. Whereas the move may have demonstrated a desire
to fight corruption, it suffered a political heatwave that reduced it into a
political campaign tool. President Mohamud’s administration should move with
haste to redefine the anti-graft commission, retool and re-staff in line with
the law and international best practices. Open governance also entails
streamlining government operations to provide for transparent tendering,
contracting, resource allocation and distribution and a citizen-centred
approach that provides the forum for citizens to actively participate in the
management of their country and resources.
Building on domestic and international
goodwill, the current administration ought to focus itself on taking Somalia
forward in realisation of the aspirations and dreams of our nation.
Writer: Abdirahman Yusuf Ali
Uistaag Dadka iyo Dalka
Social, Youth and Peace activist
[email protected]