By Kate Holton and Elizabeth Piper
Thursday May 12, 2022
Almost 40 candidates have registered for Somalia’s
long-delayed presidential election on Sunday, to be decided by parliament in a
heavily-guarded airport hangar given the impossibility of a general vote in the
dysfunctional and violent nation.
Two former presidents and an ex-prime minister are strong
contenders, while the re-election hopes of the incumbent President Mohamed
Abdullahi Mohamed have been dampened by his allies’ failure to win important
positions in parliament.
There is only one female candidate.
HISTORY
Riven by civil war since 1991, the Horn of Africa nation has
struggled to rebuild institutions in the face of a bloody insurgency by the al
Qaeda-linked al Shabaab militants, who control large swathes of the countryside.
A rift between Mohamed, whose bid to extend his four-year
presidency was thwarted by parliament last year, and Prime Minister Mohamed
Hussein Roble, has divided security services.
That has distracted from the fight against al Shabaab and
triggered gun battles between factions.
THE ELECTION
On Sunday, the nation’s bicameral federal parliament,
comprising the 275-member lower house and 54-member senate, will together elect
a new president in two rounds of voting.
In the absence of a functioning state, the voting system is
based on a power-sharing formula. Somalia’s four largest clans share an equal
number of seats in parliament, while the smaller clans share half the
allocation given to a larger clan.
Parliament’s organising committee has asked an already
present African Union peacekeeping force to protect the hangar in Mogadishu.
Last month, the peackeeepers faced off with local police during the elections
for speaker of the upper and lower houses.
WHO IS LIKELY TO WIN?
Critics of President Mohamed won those races last month,
suggesting that he does not enjoy popular support among lawmakers and may not
retain his post.
Two former presidents, Sharif Sheikh Ahmed (2009-2012) and
Hassan Sheikh Mohamed (2012-2107), are the favourites, analysts say.
Close contenders and likely king-makers in the second round
of voting are former Prime Minister Hassan Ali Khaire, who served from
2017-2020, and Puntland region president Said Abdulahi Deni.
In previous elections, rival candidates have accused each
other of bribing lawmakers.
Former foreign minister Fawzia Yusuf Adam is the only woman
in the race, but is regarded as an outsider.
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
In February the International Monetary Fund (IMF) warned
that its almost $400 million budget support program would not be extended
unless legislative and presidential elections were completed by the middle of
this month.
The government cannot fund its budget or pay its soldiers
without external support and Somalia is undergoing the worst drought for 40
years.