Human Rights Risk Atlas 2014
Wednesday, December 25, 2013
The number of countries with extreme risk of human rights violations has soared.
The seventh annual report, which ranked 197 countries based on 31
different types of human rights violations, found that 34 nations pose
an “extreme risk” of human rights violations to their populations — a 70
percent increase over the past six years.
In 2008, Maplecroft said that 20 countries posed an “extreme risk.”
Which countries are the worst? Syria, Sudan, Democratic Republic of
Congo, Pakistan and Somalia were named the worst countries for human
rights violations, according to the seventh annual Human Rights Risk
Atlas produced by global analytics company, Maplecroft.
Following these countries were Afghanistan, Iraq, Myanmar, Yemen and Nigeria.
Interestingly, Uganda and Russia were not named on the list, even
though these countries have recently grabbed headlines in mainstream
newspapers.
Maplecroft attributes the substantial increase of human rights
violations to a rise in socio-economic protests, including a continued
crackdown on political dissent by security forces. Technological
communication has also contributed to the increase in the number of
countries with an “extreme” risk since digital inclusion has helped
stimulate and accelerate protest movements.
Countries that are considered key growth markets have also shown increases in human security risks and labor violations.
According to the report, businesses, investors and international
organizations that operate across multiple borders should be concerned
with the findings. Download the report by clicking here.
Syria (ranked 1st globally in 2014), Egypt (16th), Libya (19th), Mali
(22nd) and Guinea-Bissau (74th) show the worst deterioration in human
rights. Regionally, the majority of the 70 percent increase in human
rights violations took place in the Middle East, North Africa (MENA) and
in Africa.
In the Middle East and North African regions, state repression of
societal protests, particularly youth protests, reveals an increase in
the number of “extreme risk” countries from two to seven. State
repression of these protests also reveal an overall change in the
regional average from 4.29/10 in 2008 to 2.75/10 in 2014 (where 0
represents the worst score). In addition to Syria (1st), Egypt (16th)
and Libya (19th), other “extreme risk” countries in the MENA region
include Iraq (7th), Yemen (9th), Iran (11th) and Saudi Arabia (31st).
In sub-Saharan Africa, ongoing ethnic and sectarian conflict has
resulted in a worsening risk score. Sudan (2nd), DR Congo (3rd) and
Somalia (5th) remain among the five most extreme risk countries in the
world, with DR Congo still having among the worst records of all
countries for violations of women’s and girl’s rights, particularly
sexual violence.
In Asia, the highest risk countries include Pakistan (4th),
Afghanistan (6th) and Myanmar (8th). In Bangladesh (17th) and India
(18th). poor legal and regulatory frameworks contribute to a lack of
access to remedy and pervasive labor rights violations, which account in
turn for their poor risk rating.
Increases in human security risks and labor violations have been
especially prevalent in key growth markets. Maplecroft singles
out Iraq (7th). Nigeria (10th), China (15th), Bangladesh (17th), India
(18th), Colombia (26th), Philippines (27th), Ethiopia (28th), Indonesia
(30th) and Saudi Arabia (31st) as key growth markets that have
experienced increased human rights risks since 2008.
“Since 2008, global economic growth and investment has shifted to new
markets prompting a demand for low-cost workers, water and land as well
as other natural resources”, stated Lizabeth Campbell, Maplecroft’s
Head of Societal Risk and Human Rights. “In many of these markets, human
rights violations continue to get worse. Worker’s rights are seriously
compromised, rural and indigenous communities face grave violations
related to land grabs and forced displacement, particularly where their
land ownership is not formally documented.
“Increasingly,” Campbell added, “repressive or corrupt governments
clamp down on human rights, particularly freedom of expression, to
maintain their grip on power and economic control. Companies cannot rely
on robust governance and remedy structures in these markets … which
means the onus is on them directly to implement appropriate levels of
due diligence and mitigating action.”
The role of security forces in violent crackdowns within growth
economies has also been a key driver in the rise of human security
risks. This trend is particularly evident in growth economies, such
as Colombia (26th),Peru (59th), Brazil (70th) and Turkey (78th), where
violent repression is characterized by the suppression of protests,
which include arbitrary arrest, detentions and extrajudicial killings.
Source: Human Rights Risk Atlas 2014.